### 4.2.7. Arithmetic Operations

To enter numbers, coordinates, or equations (see Direct Input) you may use arithmetic expressions with parentheses. The following operations are available in GeoGebra:

Operation | Input
addition | +
subtraction | -
multiplication | * or space key
scalar product | * or space key
division | /
exponentiation | ^ or 2
factorial | !
Gamma function | gamma( )
parentheses | ( )
x-coordinate | x( )
y-coordinate | y( )
absolute value | abs( )
sign | sgn( )
square root | sqrt( )
cubic root | cbrt( )
random number between 0 and 1 | random( )
exponential function | exp( ) or ℯ x
logarithm (natural, of e) | ln( ) or log( )
logarithm of 2 | ld( )
logarithm of 10 | lg( )
cosine | cos( )
sine | sin( )
tangent | tan( )
arc cosine | acos( )
arc sine | asin( )
arc tangent | atan( )
hyperbolic cosine | cosh( )
hyperbolic sine | sinh( )
hyperbolic tangent | tanh( )
antihyperbolic cosine | acosh( )
antihyperbolic sine | asinh( )
antihyperbolic tangent | atanh( )
greatest integer less than or equal | floor( )
least integer greater than or equal | ceil( )
round | round( )

Examples:

· Midpoint M of two points A and B might be entered as
M = (A + B) / 2

· The length of a vector v might be calculated using
l = sqrt(v * v)

Note: In GeoGebra you can do calculations with points and vectors as well.

Related Topics

4.2. Direct Input

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